Jun 06, 2016 'Well, that's our second Sun. 'I don't know if you knew we had a second Sun, but, er, there it is. Is this the second Sun? (Image: Slooh Live). Sedna lies extremely far from the Sun, in the coldest known region of our solar system, where the temperature never rises above minus 240 degrees Celsius (minus 400 Fahrenheit). The planetoid is usually even colder, because it approaches the Sun this closely only briefly during its 10,500 year orbit around the Sun.
The hypothesized second sun, in order to trap this excess material, would require a mass comparable to our own Sun. So, basically a twin. The two stars would would have been roughly 1,000 AU apart. An unusual comet skirted past the sun Feb 18-21, 2015, as captured by ESA and NASA's Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, or SOHO.
![Nemesis our second sun Nemesis our second sun](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/nLVbAtc5Pi4/hqdefault.jpg)
Astronomers from the United States, Russia and Australia have discovered the first true solar sibling – HD 162826.
HD 162826, a star born in the same star cluster as our Sun, is located in the constellation Hercules, about 110 light-years away from Earth. It has a mass about 1.15 times that of the Sun.
The star is not visible to the unaided eye but can be seen with low-power binoculars, not far from Vega.
The astronomers led by Dr Ivan Ramirez from the University of Texas at Austin identified HD 162826 as our Sun’s sibling by following up on 30 possible candidate stars. In addition to chemical analysis, they also analyzed information about orbits of these stars.
Considering both chemistry and orbits narrowed the field of candidates down to one – HD 162826.
“No one knows whether this star hosts any life-bearing planets,” said Dr Ramirez, who reported the discovery in the Astrophysical Journal (arXiv.org version).
Dr Ramirez’s team has ruled out any massive planets orbiting close to the star.
“It’s unlikely that a Jupiter analog orbits the star,” Dr Ramirez said.
However, he and his colleagues do not rule out the presence of smaller terrestrial planets.
“The finding of a single solar sibling is intriguing, but the project has a larger purpose: to create a road map for how to identify solar siblings, in preparation for the flood of data expected soon from surveys such as ESA’s Gaia.”
How Old Is Our Sun
Gaia will provide accurate distances and proper motions for a billion stars, allowing scientists to search for solar siblings all the way to the center of our Milky Way Galaxy.
“The number of stars that we can study will increase by a factor of 10,000,” Dr Ramirez said.
Is Our Sun A Star
“Don’t invest a lot of time in analyzing every detail in every star. You can concentrate on certain key chemical elements that are going to be very useful. These elements are ones that vary greatly among stars, which otherwise have very similar chemical compositions. These highly variable chemical elements are largely dependent on where in the Galaxy the star formed.”
“We want to know where we were born. If we can figure out in what part of the Galaxy the Sun formed, we can constrain conditions on the early Solar System. That could help us understand why we are here,” Dr Ramirez said.
Once many more solar siblings have been identified, astronomers will be one step closer to knowing where and how the Sun formed.
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I. Ramirez et al. 2014. Elemental Abundances of Solar Sibling Candidates. ApJ, accepted for publication; arXiv: 1405.1723
The scandal of sexual abuse within the Catholic Church reverberates to this day. Learning that priests had abused children was horrifying in itself, but people were just as enraged to learn that Church leaders had protected predatory priests. It seemed that bishops and others had put the reputation of the Church before the lives of our children. Their actions were the very opposite of the procedure for addressing serious sin that Jesus outlines in today’s Gospel passage. If the person committing the sin doesn’t reform, then that person must be expelled from the community, (and we might add, in the case of abusive priests, turned over to law enforcement). The failure of our hierarchy to remove abusive priests provoked a far more devastating scandal than the one they had tried to avoid.
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In an attempt to prevent abuse from happening again, bishops and other Catholic leaders have implemented policies to investigate abuse claims and cooperate with local authorities. While such measures are certainly an improvement, they put the Church at risk of once again protecting itself. Even if we knew for certain that not a single priest or any Church employee was harming a child, that would not mean that children were not being assaulted. One in four girls and one in thirteen boys are sexually assaulted at some point in their childhood. What are we doing about that?
Our Second Nature
Sexual assault is an ugly thing. So is racism, domestic violence, drug addiction. These are things we don’t want to deal with and don’t like to think about. We might not even want to pray about them, unless we’re praying for it all to just go away. But these sins won’t go away on their own. The ugliness remains in our midst. It remains in our Church and in our communities. It might be lurking within us. Today we hear God declare through Ezekiel that our denial and inaction is deadly. Many watchmen have warned us of the dangers that confront us. If we refuse to uproot the sins that ensnare us, we cannot claim that Christ is in our midst.